general characters of bryophytes ppt

General characteristics Mostly grow in moist and shady places. They don’t have conducting tissues for transportation of water and minerals. Ø  Vegetative multiplication takes place by: Ø  Sex organs are more complex than thallophytes (algae, fungi and lichens), Ø  They have one cell thick sterile jacket around it for protection, Ø  Jacket surrounds a solid mass of fertile cells called antherocytes, Ø  Antherocytes metamorphose into antherozoids, Ø  Antherozoids are bi-flagellate and thus they are motile (can swim in water), Ø  Archegonia is a flask shaped structure, Ø  Archegonia have basal swollen venter and an elongated upper part called neck, Ø  The ventre and neck are surrounded by one layer thick sterile jacket cells, Ø  Four to six neck canals cells and one venter canal cell is present, (adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({}), Ø  When antheridia matures, their sterile jacket disintegrate and liberate the motile anthropoids to the surrounding thin film of water, Ø  When archegonia matures, the neck canal cells and venter canal cell disintegrate and forms a mucilage mass, Ø  The cover cells of the archegonia opens and the mucilage ooze out through the pore into the thin film of water, Ø  Antherozoids are attracted by chemicals present in the mucilage and move towards it by chemotaxis through the thin film of water, Ø  Antherozoids enters into the archegonium through neck and venter, Ø  Antherozoids fuse with egg to from a diploid zygote, Bryum Gametophyte & Sprophyte (source wikipedia), Ø  Zygote is the first stage in the diploid sporophytic generation, Ø  Zygote does not have any resting period, Ø  Zygote mitotically divide immediately after fertilization, Ø  Bryophyts shows exoscopic mode of embryo development, Ø  First division of zygote is always transverse to produce two cells (outer cell and inner cell), Ø  Embryo develops within the ventre of archegonium, Ø  Sporophyte is simple structure without rhizoids stem or leaves, Ø  Sporophyte is completely dependent on gametophyte for nourishment, Ø  Sporophyte is s projecting structure in most of the forms, it project out from the gametophytic tissue, Ø  Sporophyte is differentiated into foot, seta and capsule, Ø  Sporogenous cells present in the capsule divide meiotically to produce haploid spores, Ø  All spores are similar in shape and size (homosporous), Ø  Elaters are hygroscopic and they helps in spore dispersal, Ø  Spores are non-motile and they disperse exclusively by wind or water current, Ø  Under favorable condition the spores germinate to form the gametophytic plant, Ø  In lower forms, the germination of spores is by the formation of a germ tube which later divide to give rise the younger gametophyte (Riccia, Marchantia), Ø  In advanced forms (mosses) spores germinate to form a filamentous branched  protonema, Ø  From the protonema, many gametophytic plants arises, Bryophyta Life Cycle (Life cycle of mosses), Ø  Life cycle of bryophytes is characterized by the alternation of two morphologically distinct phases, Ø  Gametophytic phase is independent, autotrophic haploid and bears gametes, Ø  It develops from the spores produced by sporophyte, Ø  Male and female gametes represent the last phase of gametophytic generation, Ø  Haploid male and female gametes fuse to forms a diploid zygote, Ø  Zygote represent the first phase of sporophytic generation, Ø  Sporophyte is simple, completely dependent on gametophyte for nutrition, Ø  Sporogenous tissue in the sporophyte divide meiotically to produce haploid spores, Ø  The spores germinate to form haploid gametophyte, Life Cycle of Bryophytes (source wikipedia). It is independent, green autotrophic phase, @. ; Pteridophytes shows large variation in the form, size and habit. Ø  Few bryophytes are truly aquatic and underwater forms(example Riccia fluitans), Ø  Peat moss (Sphagnum moss) grown in bogs and marshy areas, Ø  Porella is an epiphytic bryophyte that grow on tree trunks, Ø  Radulla protensa is an epiphyllous bryophyte grow on the surface of leaves, Ø  Tortula desortorum is a xerophytic bryophyte growing in deserts, Ø  Bryophytes are fundamentally land plants. Bryophytes are an intermediate group between. Some pteridophytes are aquatic and some are epiphytes. Ecology / Environmental Science / Diversity PPT, Please Share for your Students, Colleagues, Friends and Relatives…, Your email address will not be published. 5. ; The gametophytic plant body is the dominant phase which is haploid. General Characteristics of Bryophyta (Liverworts, Hornworts and Mosses) Please Share with Your Friends... Mosses and Liverworts General Characteristics (Key points with PPT). Ø  Name bryophyte is derived from two words; ‘Bryon’ = moss; ‘phyton’ = plant Comparing. Sporophyte is completely dependent on gametophytic plant for nutrition, @. Peat is used in horticulture, as an energy source (fuel), and, to a limited extent, in the extraction of organic products, in whiskey production, and as insulation. General characteristics : 1. Gametophytic generation is long lived and prominent phase, @. ; No vasculature system in bryophytes which means xylem and phloem tissues absent, whereas in pteridophytes proper vasculature is present which means xylem and phloem tissues is … Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms Plant Organization The Amazing Plant Race Phylum Porifera Phylum Cnidaria Phylum Platyhelminthes Phylum Nematoda Phylum Annelida Phylum Mollusca Phylum Arthropoda Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Chordata Conclusion Ø  Characteristic of gametophytic generation of Bryophyte: @. Rather, the intent here is to give you some examples of the features or tools used in bryophyte classification or identification and very brief summaries of bryophyte classification schemes. Bryophytes: plants that need water to reproduce and grow, mainly mosses, liverworts and hornworts Non-vascular : plants without the tissue necessary to grow roots, stems or leaves

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