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21See, e.g., Robert Adar, ed., Psychoneuroimmunology (New York: Academic Press, 1981); Philip Clark and Mary Jo Clark, “Therapeutic Touch: Is There a Scientific Basis for the Practice?” Nursing Research, January-February 1984, 37–41. Convulsive movements, piteous moans and groans, sardonic laughter, and torrents of tears were not uncommon reactions of patients according to J. P. F. Deleuze, a librarian who documented the French phenomenon in 1843. Sessions can be broken down into four steps: Most studies indicate that therapeutic touch can relieve tension headaches and reduce pain, such as pain associated with burns, osteoarthritis, or following surgery. Leadbeater and Besant attempted to strengthen the ties between Theosophy, science, and psychic phenomena, coauthoring a book called Occult Chemistry. If its practitioners insist on their healing roles, let them honestly call themselves faith healers and stop claiming they are nurses who heal.16, Twelve nurses, all faculty from the Department of Physiological Nursing, University of Washington, also wrote the AJN editor, taking Krieger to task for numerous and obvious methodological flaws related to small sample size, self-selected subjects for research, improper use of statistics, and a failure to measure what her research was intended to measure because hemoglobin was not a true measure of oxygen uptake. Theosophical thought thus began its subtle and steady move into mainstream health care in America. Therapeutic Touch was developed in the early 1970s by Dolores Krieger RN, a professor of nursing. Alternatively, they could hang the crystal on their patients’ IV poles where it can absorb and refocus the universal energy of the environment as needed. The pain stored in the cells is disruptive, and prevents some cells from working properly with other cells in the body. A nurse with experience in therapeutic touch could help rectify this disruption and “…help people achieve maximum well-being within their potential.” (Polit and The role of the practitioner is to help this process. Under Kunz’s leadership, Theosophy reflected a greater interest in both physics and psychic healing — specifically, healing through touch. Gronowicz GA, Jhaveri A, Clarke LW, Aronow MS, Smith TH. Current fascination with angels also reflects the Theosophical and Gnostic notion of highly evolved beings who serve as intermediaries between the seen and the unseen worlds, between flesh and spirit. Therapeutic Touch is not a substitute for medical treatment. At a Catholic nursing home in Pennsylvania, the instructor begins the Therapeutic Touch workshop by shutting off the lights and leading the group of nurses in a relaxation and awareness exercise. Examples include a $200,000 grant by The Division of Nursing, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to D’Youville Nursing Center in Buffalo, New York to train student nurses in the technique,3 and a Department of Defense grant of $355,000 to a research team at the University of Alabama, Birmingham to study the effects of Therapeutic Touch on burn patients.4, An Office of Alternative Medicine has also been established within the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to fund research on unconventional interventions. 2002;20(1):48-60. Handout information available at workshop. When an incision is made into a person’s body, it disrupts this energy field. 12Bernard Grad, “Some Biological Effects of the Laying-On-of-Hands: A Review of Experiments with Animals and Plants,” Journal of Psychical Research 59 (1965): 95–127. They have provided Margaret Newman with the basis of a theory of evolutionary transformationalism that effectively replaces the concept of patient as person with the notion of patient as evolving energy field. 28Ibid., 71. See, e.g., Linda Rosa, “Therapeutic Touch: Skeptics in Hand to Hand Combat Over the Latest New Age Health Fad,” Skeptic 3 (1994): 40–49; Sharon Fish, “Therapeutic Touch: Can We Trust the Data?” Journal of Christian Nursing, Summer 1993, 6–8; Bullough and Bullough, 169–74. Program offerings included a seminar entitled, “Crones, Nurses and Witches,” designed to explore the concept of energy fields and their relationship to Therapeutic Touch.30, Some Therapeutic Touch practitioners are also actively engaged in healing activities within their own churches — specifically, spiritualist churches. Therapeutic touch stimulates the proliferation of human cells in culture. 35Robert C. Fuller, Mesmerism and the American Cure of Souls (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982), 98. Fred wound up in the intensive care unit (ICU) with nine drains and tubes going in and out of his body. 23Brooks Alexander, “Occult Philosophy and Mystical Experience,” SCP Journal, Winter 1984, 13–19; and Paul Reisser, Teri Reisser, and John Weldon, New Age Medicine (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1987). It’s the support of friends like you that enables CRI to to post new articles on subjects of interest and continue our weekly podcast. (909) 824-4690. Wilkinson DS, Knox PL, Chatman JE, et al. Not all energy forces are scientifically verifiable and explainable by the natural laws of this world for a primary reason: they are not all of this world. Box 1276, Loma Linda, CA 92354. These sensations are thought to reflect blocked or accumulated energy. A second run of the same experiment in the study used 13 TT practitioners who had to predict the correct hand in each of 10 trials. Part of their nursing care could include directing this necklace at their patients, allowing their own “good energy” to flow through the crystal and into patients who need their energy replenished. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. In Wiccan healing, energy is not unruffled but neutralized, after which the patient is filled with healing vibrations in a step similar to Therapeutic Touch’s modulation. Healing as a therapy for human disease: a systematic review. In the ancient medical systems of India and China, the energy field is described as life energy. therapeutic touch demonstrates commitment to a holistic nursing environment. Larden CN, Palmer ML, Janssen P. Efficacy of therapeutic touch in treating pregnant inpatients who have a chemical dependency. Holist Nurs Pract. O'Mathuna DP, Ashford RL. Blattner’s healing energy is intelligent; it has personality. His wife, Anne, noted that his pancreas was completely necrotic by the time doctors did the first of seven surgeries. 29Stewart Farrar, What Witches Do (Custer, WA: Phoenix Publishing, 1983), 129–37. Sheldrake himself has noted that his general hypothesis of formative causation recalls elements of various occult systems — for example, the concept of the etheric body and the doctrine of the Akashic records familiar to psychic healers and Theosophists. Nurse Pract Forum. Creative visualization exercises by Shakti Gawain, a popular New Age writer, are sprinkled throughout Cardiovascular Nursing: Bodymind Tapestry (C. V. Mosby, 1984), a textbook endorsed by the American Association of Critical Care Nurses. 33D. Therapeutic touch is a modern incarnation of the vitalistic philosophy, an ancient and mystical concept that does not comfortably coexist with modern scientific medicine. Biological correlates of Reiki Touchism healing. It is precisely these metaphysical explanations for Therapeutic Touch that should cause concern — attempts to reinterpret them with logical and nonmystical explanations notwithstanding. The client remains fully clothed, in a sitting or lying down position. 34Quoted in ibid., 15–16. Those who say they can practice the technique of Therapeutic Touch and divorce themselves from its occult associations need to be reminded that apart from the occult, Therapeutic Touch would not exist. He soon abandoned the need for magnets altogether, believing that his hands alone could get the job done. A permutation of Therapeutic Touch that is now gaining currency in nursing at a rapid rate and, in some circles, actively competing with it, is a technique called Healing Touch. In fact, studies show that therapeutic touch stimulates cell growth. Assessing an Animated Journey to the Afterlife and Back. Photographs from her book, The Personal Aura, depicting rainbow-hued energy fields around people who served as models, introduce a three-part video on Therapeutic Touch produced by the National League for Nursing (NLN).14 The NLN is the agency that accredits nursing schools in the United States. 2002;20(4):367-87. Therapeutic Touch is also playing midwife, helping bring to birth in nursing a host of spiritually illegitimate and dangerous practices that include mediumship and more. In the background a tape recorder plays a song over and over again in Sanskrit. One of the most metaphysically minded nursing theorists influencing doctoral students around the globe is Margaret A. Newman, Ph.D., professor of nursing at the University of Minnesota and author of Health as Expanding Consciousness (C. V. Mosby, 1994, 2d ed.). When asked if there were any differences between Therapeutic Touch and spiritualist healing, one nurse/medium said, “You can label it whatever you want, but they are basically the same.”31, The practice of medium-ship, long associated in the spiritualist tradition with facilitating communication from the dead to living relatives, has taken on a distinctively Theosophical and New Age hue for these nurse mediums. Botanical, Theosophical, and Metaphysical Roots. Therapeutic touch [1] Definition Therapeutic touch [2], or TT, is a noninvasive method of healing derived from an ancient laying-on of hands technique. Though Krieger is the person most visibly associated with Therapeutic Touch, primary credit for its development as a practice must go to her mentor, Dora Kunz. Sources for this summary include the writings of Helena Petrovna Blavatsky and primary and secondary sources on the history of spiritualism and Theosophy from the Rare Books Collection, Rush Rhees Library, Rochester, New York. After Fred was moved to the regular floor she would still come as often as she could. Practitioners believe therapeutic touch promotes health by restoring communication between cells. 31Interviews with author; phone conversations with The Theosophical Society and Pumpkin Hollow Farm. As with Therapeutic Touch, the hands of the Wiccan healer become warm and palms may tingle or begin to radiate. The hands now become more active and the healer may engage in circular sweeping motions designed to “decongest” the patient’s energy, distributing any excess energy to areas of low flow and sometimes removing it altogether by sweeping it down and out through the feet. Studies suggest that therapeutic touch may help heal wounds, reduce pain, and lessen anxiety. The practice of various meditation techniques (for example, the repetition of a mantra) can help a person learn to center. 8. Examples of therapeutic touch in a Sentence Recent Examples on the Web Gravity, and all weighted blankets, works on the principle of Deep Touch Stimulation (DTS)-a form of therapeutic touch or holding that relaxes the nervous system. Despite the use of the word "touch," the hands usually hover over the body and do not physically touch it. In our struggle to achieve academic recognition as a profession, we simply can’t afford to indulge in this kind of charlatanism. Therapeutic touch is an alternative healing technique that combines elements like massage with energy work to alleviate pain and other ailments that afflict the body and mind. More generally, therapeutic touch is based on the idea that good health requires a balanced flow of life energy. The most notable branch was led by Annie Besant, an Englishwoman who had converted to Theosophy in 1889 after reading Blavatsky’s The Secret Doctrine. Therapeutic communication is an interpersonal interaction between the nurse and the client during which the nurse focuses on the client’s specific needs to promote an effective exchange of information. Wardell DW, Engebretson J. The experience Fred had in the hospital was not an isolated one. This might include a handshake, greeting or departing embrace, a peck on the cheek, tap on the back, and other socially and culturally accepted gestures. Adv Nurse Pract. Additional credit for the development of Therapeutic Touch in its present form must go to NYU’s former dean, Martha Rogers, one of the most renowned and influential of all nursing theorists. According to therapeutic touch, good health is an indication of a balanced energy field, while illness represents imbalance. See also Janet Macrae, Therapeutic Touch: A Practical Guide (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991). Grad had examined the growth of barley seeds in response to being watered from flasks held by Oskar Estebany, a psychic healer.12. It is not safe for anyone to assume that the energy Therapeutic Touch enthusiasts claim to be channeling is a force of good or godly power. One mechanism by which Therapeutic Touch might work could be a type of placebo effect that is a function of some implied or suggested therapeutic benefit by the person doing the treatment and perceived as such by the patient who desperately wants to relax, sleep, or experience less pain. Today, therapeutic touch is taught at hospitals and health centers worldwide, and is most commonly practiced by nurses. Krieger may take care to avoid identifying Therapeutic Touch as specifically religious in nature, but other nurses who are writing about it clearly identify it as a type of spiritual healing. Therapeutic touch affects DNA synthesis and mineralization of human osteoblasts in culture. Is it Ethical for Pro-Life Christians to Receive Covid-19 Vaccines? When receiving therapeutic touch, people usually feel warmth, relaxation, and pain relief. These included, but were not confined to, Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, the Egyptian Hermetic traditions, Neoplatonism, the Cabala, Rosicrucianism, Freemasonry, mesmerism, and spiritualism. Biol Res Nurs. One is as likely to find them practicing the technique in Beijing as in Boston due to extensive training efforts that have been conducted with missionary zeal in over 65 countries. In January, Fred Ames was rushed to the hospital with acute abdominal pain. Advocates claim Therapeutic Touch can do just about anything one wants it to do, from soothing a crying infant and relieving headaches to decreasing blood pressure and elevating hemoglobin levels. The body is built up and maintained by nourishment but penetrated and kept alive by an energy called prana (a Sanskrit word meaning “vital force”) that flows through and is transformed by energy centers in the body called chakras (Sanskrit for “circle” or “wheel”). Wellness Network and North Carolina Center for Healing Touch, 413 Waterside Drive, Carrboro, NC 27510. 2014;7:CD002766. And voices against TT. Scott Rogo, New Techniques of Inner Healing (New York: Paragon Press, 1992), 9–15. There is still controversy, however, as to whether the healing power of therapeutic touch has anything to do with the "laying on of hands." Smith DW, Arnstein P, Rosa KC, Wells-Federman C. Effects of integrating therapeutic touch into a cognitive behavioral pain treatment program. Sheldrake, a biochemist who has been a member of the Theosophical Society in Britain, contributes to Newman’s theory of evolving consciousness the notion of morphic resonance, a belief that has helped open research doors in nursing and other disciplines to experimentation related to telepathy, ESP, and other paranormal phenomena. That Therapeutic Touch is frequently associated with all of the above practices is not immediately apparent to the novice nurse healer attending a workshop or class. Not only the human body but death and disease are ultimately viewed as illusions. This attests to the popularity of Therapeutic Touch and related practices, such as Reiki, Reflexology, and Rolfing.5. **Note for information on how to gain early access to online-exclusive articles, please click here. In India the two began to groom a young boy named Krishnamurti to be the next vehicle of the Supreme World Teacher or Christ. Altern Ther Health Med. Touch therapies for pain relief in adults. 24Barbara Blattner, Holistic Nursing (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1981). Her contribution — carried out in the context of her own Theosophical splinter group, the “Arcane School” — was some two dozen books on occult philosophy, allegedly channeled through her by the Tibetan Master Djwhal Khul. 2002;27(2):7. The energy flow surrounding the ill person can be perceived, that is, intuitively assessed and directed through the hands of a healer in the absence of any physical contact.8. You don't need to undress. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. He alone can teach the true meaning of the laying-on of hands to comfort, care, and cure. Therapeutic Touch There is also a fourth type of touch known as therapeutic touch. The New World was ripe for a new and novel quasiscientific religious philosophy, and mesmerism was only too willing to oblige as it took on a distinctively metaphysical hue. Therapeutic touch: its application for residents in aged care. Significantly, Therapeutic Touch is one of the most visible examples of an increased acceptance of psychic healing in health care. **, Does the Bible Dictate Clothing Style by Gender? The 20th century channeling phenomenon is rooted and grounded in Theosophical thought. It exists throughout the body, and is responsible for maintaining normal physiological, psychological, and spiritual functions. Young himself was heavily influenced by the Mahatma Letters, a book put together by A. Dolores Krieger, a professor at New York University School of Nursing, and Dora Kunz, a natural healer, developed therapeutic touch in the early 1970s. Active Listening, Touch, & Space. Dr. Krieger’s initial research demonstrated that Therapeutic Touch interaction could increase hemoglobin levels in recipients as previous studies had indicated that chlorophyll content could be increased in healer treated plants. The Theosophical Publishing House was established (Quest Books) with publications supported by The Kern Foundation. Therapeutic Touch is not a practice Christians can engage in without seriously compromising their faith and potentially endangering their relationship with God. The practitioner simply allows your body's own healing mechanisms to come out. 14Dora van Gelder Kunz, The Personal Aura (Wheaton, IL: The Theosophical Publishing House, 1991); Janet Quinn, Therapeutic Touch; Healing through Human Energy Fields; and Theory and Research (three-part video series), NLN and The Center for Human Caring, University of Colorado, 1992. J Altern Complement Med. Phantom limb pain treated with therapeutic touch: a case report. Bohm, a quantum physicist, contributes a belief in the underlying oneness and unity of all things, and the undivided wholeness of the universe. A more detailed analysis of the Therapeutic Touch literature and some historical perspective are needed to uncover just exactly what Therapeutic Touch may lead to. For many, this offers a more plausible interpretation for any healthful effects of Therapeutic Touch, uncontaminated with metaphysical explanations. According to this theory, at one time we could all easily see this field, called an aura, but now only certain people, such as those who practice therapeutic touch, develop this ability. These adepts were considered to have evolved spiritually to the point where they had merged into the universal environment, unseen but ever present. 5NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts, 26 March 1993 and 7 January 1994. Crystal healing, worship of the god (or goddess) within, altered states of consciousness, and channeling are but a few of the practices promoted by nurses in a variety of settings across the United States. Therapeutic touch (commonly shortened to "TT"), known by some as "non-contact therapeutic touch" (NCTT), is a pseudoscientific energy therapy which practitioners claim promotes healing and reduces pain and anxiety. — Sam Gutierrez, House Beautiful, "Everyone Needs A Chunky Knit Weighted Blanket," 11 Dec. 2018 18NCAHF Bulletin, May/June 1992, and personal correspondence. What promoters of energetic healing modalities like Therapeutic Touch fail to say is that the entities or angels one may meet on one’s metaphysical journey are fallen ones. Similar effects on the body have been studied in response to music therapy and relaxation techniques associated with biofeedback. For example, in one small open study on the perceived effectiveness of Healing Touch, 40% of patients reported that calming effects lasted more than 2 … She claimed those she contacted were superhuman adepts or “Masters” eager to impart esoteric information to select human beings who would help their generation gain a right understanding of the occult. Variables studied included anxiety, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate measured before and after each intervention. Course content ranging from aromatherapy to zone therapy is being taught for academic and continuing education credit in hundreds of hospitals and schools of nursing. Therapeutic massage and healing touch improve symptoms in cancer. J Holist Nurs. Certified by the American Holistic Nurses’ Association, Healing Touch workshops are also based on the writings of such notables as the deceased but ever-popular channeler Alice Bailey and Rosalyn Bruyere, founder and director of the Healing Light Center in Glendale, California. According to this world view, humans have not evolved but have devolved or descended into matter (a physical body) and are now in the process of returning to a spiritually pure state of at-One-ment with the universal, impersonal Absolute from which they originally sprung. 2001;14(5):335-42. Gorski T. Unruffling the mystique of therapeutic touch. Generally, the deep relaxation associated with therapeutic touch reduces stress, lowers blood pressure, and improves breathing. 26Ibid., 329, 331. Such abilities are considered natural byproducts for those who regularly practice Therapeutic Touch and have learned to alter their state of consciousness through techniques such as visualization and yogic mantra meditation.28, Another tradition closely associated with Therapeutic Touch is witchcraft/Wicca or, more accurately, neopaganism. Using Silence. Allegedly trained in occult philosophy in Tibet and influenced by Hinduism in India, Madame Blavatsky, a Russian-born psychic, settled in the United States in 1873. J Am Board Fam Pract. Nurse Healers-Professional Associates International (NH-PAI) recommends that people look for therapists who practice regularly (at least an average of 2 times per week), have at least 5 years of experience, and have completed at least 12 hours of therapeutic touch workshops. The effect of therapeutic touch on behavioral symptoms of persons with dementia. The clinical effectiveness of healing touch. Specifically she writes of astrology, numerology, tarot, chirognomy (palm reading), and graphology or the study of handwriting.26, Practically, if not theoretically, Krieger also associates herself with the occult. Concepts of personhood, individual integrity, and interpersonal relationships are foundational to the Christian world view and, due to Christianity’s influence on nursing, foundational to nursing as well; they are foreign to the impersonal world view supporting Therapeutic Touch. He then returned again, to the head, both back and front, to the belly and the back; he renewed the process again and again, until the magnetized person was saturated with the healing fluid and was transported with pain or pleasure, both sensations being equally salutary.”34. What are the Tree of Life and the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, Has Pixar Lost Its Soul? Lightheadedness generally lasts for 15 minutes after a session, but you may feel thirsty for days. When Fred finally came home, Anne continued to do Therapeutic Touch on him. Kelley M. Strategies for innovative energy-based nursing practice: the healing touch program. Madame Blavatsky, was the primary force behind the emergence of the esoteric tradition called Theosophy.1 Indeed, Blavatsky might well be called the matriarch of the New Age and the catalyst for the current revival of the paranormal in all aspects of American society. So PS, Jiang Y, Qin Y. 17Barbara Walike, et. To locate a qualified practitioner near you, visit the NH-PAI website -- www.therapeutictouch.org. They each considered themselves to be practicing mediums and had attended workshops on both Therapeutic Touch and spiritualist healing at Lily Dale, New York (one of the largest spiritualist training camps in the world) and/or at Pumpkin Hollow, Craryville, New York (the annual training site for Krieger-taught workshops, owned and operated by The Theosophical Society). According to biblical theism, there is such a thing as supernatural, metaphysical reality and supernatural forces are at work in the world — forces of good (of God) and forces of evil (of Satan).22. As a result, much of the research has been criticized. 2002;14(6):20-21. Headquarters were now in Wheaton, Illinois. Some practitioners also believe it should not be done on areas of the body where there is cancer. Integr Cancer Ther. His theory of “implicate (or enfolded) order” is viewed by many seeking support for a metaphysical world view as virtually identical to the implicate level of subtle, indivisible reality known as Brahman in Hinduism and the Void in Tibetan Buddhism. One other, not insignificant historical movement feeding into the present-day practice of Therapeutic Touch is the phenomenon of mesmerism. Promoted through local branches of nursing associations and offering special rates to students, Healing Touch is making inroads into nursing schools. A holistic tool for nurse practitioners. The book is dedicated to “the vast spiritual Hierarchy which silently works to uplift the human condition.” One back-of-the-cover endorsement is from Kevin Ryerson, a trance channeler in Shirley MacLaine’s Out on a Limb (Bantam Books, 1986). 25Ibid., 84–85. Nowhere in Scripture are we urged to merge into undifferentiated union with either other people or with God. J Holist Nurs. The healer’s hands often hover over certain parts of the body previously assessed as imbalanced. The final reminder is pointedly clear: though other nations engage in such practices, Israel is not permitted to do so. A simple belief that a therapy will indeed be effective for them could also trigger responses of the parasympathetic nervous and immune systems that can decrease anxiety, lower blood pressure and heart rate, and decrease muscle tension and pain. religious context, Therapeutic Touch’s religious roots are highly syncretistic. The goal of the technique is to help people relax, relieve their pain, and help them heal faster. She claimed she had been sent to America by her Lodge (populated by members of the Universal Mystical Brotherhood) to share truth and unveil error. 30The American Nurse, official newspaper of the American Nurses Association, January 1994. Therapeutic Touch was formally introduced to the nursing world in a 1975 article published in the American Journal of Nursing (AJN), one of the most widely read journals for practicing nurses.10 The author was Delores Krieger, R.N., Ph.D., a professor at New York University (NYU). 18:9–12). The other theory is based on the principles of quantum physics. Together with medical treatment, therapeutic touch can help with many additional conditions, including: Some people say that they feel emotional and spiritual changes after receiving therapeutic touch.

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