politics of bangladesh paragraph

[291], Despite its small area, the territory is home to a variety of sports and recreational facilities. [115], The territory's jurisdictional independence is most apparent in its immigration and taxation policies. The race was revived as a modern sport as part of the Tourism Board's efforts to promote Hong Kong's image abroad. They can help them to gain benefits from the employer and management. [62] Kai Tak Airport began operation in 1924, and the colony avoided a prolonged economic downturn after the 1925–26 Canton–Hong Kong strike. Form the above definitions, it is seen that organizational politics may be either good or bad for the organization. Settlers from nearby provinces migrated to Kowloon throughout the Ming dynasty. [267] Although the vast majority of the population is ethnically Chinese, Hong Kong has developed a distinct identity. [293][294], Hong Kong represents itself separately from mainland China, with its own sports teams in international competitions. [81], Political debates after the transfer of sovereignty have centred around the region's democratic development and the central government's adherence to the "one country, two systems" principle. [48] During the Mongol conquest of China in the 13th century, the Southern Song court was briefly located in modern-day Kowloon City (the Sung Wong Toi site) before its final defeat in the 1279 Battle of Yamen. On the other hand, if they convince the people not to do anything, that may lead to the benefits of a few people but may be detrimental to the organization’s interest. The territory's 1,110.18 km2 (428.64 sq mi)[153] area (2754.97 km2[153] if the maritime area is included) consists of Hong Kong Island, the Kowloon Peninsula, the New Territories, Lantau Island, and over 200 other islands. Meyers & Associates: Organizational politics is the management of influence to obtain not sanctioned by the organization or to obtain ends. [32], The name of the territory, first romanised as "He-Ong-Kong" in 1780,[35] originally referred to a small inlet located between Aberdeen Island and the southern coast of Hong Kong Island. [49] By the end of the Yuan dynasty, seven large families had settled in the region and owned most of the land. [88] In June 2019, mass protests erupted in response to a proposed extradition amendment bill permitting extradition of fugitives to mainland China. It is a kind of power. Through non-sanctioned influence means. However, both countries were dissatisfied and did not ratify the agreement. [65] The colonial government prepared for a possible attack, evacuating all British women and children in 1940. Ironically, it can be said that it is a profitable business without investing any capital. Broadband Internet access is widely available, with 92.6 per cent of households connected. [46] The region was consolidated under the Nanyue kingdom (a predecessor state of Vietnam) after the Qin collapse[47] and recaptured by China after the Han conquest. [166], Hong Kong has the world's largest number of skyscrapers, with 317 towers taller than 150 metres (490 ft),[31] and the third-largest number of high-rise buildings in the world. [250] Ferries also serve outlying islands inaccessible by other means. The University of Hong Kong was founded as the city's first institute of higher education during the early colonial period in 1911. Although they live and work in Hong Kong, these workers are not treated as ordinary residents and are usually ineligible for right of abode in the territory. The number of films produced annually has declined to about 60 in 2017. Similarly, the Chief Executive is selected by establishment politicians and corporate members of the Election Committee rather than directly elected. [262] Toilets in most built-up areas of the territory flush with seawater, greatly reducing freshwater use.[261]. Residents predominantly speak, For all government use, documents written using. [245] The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge provides a direct route to the western side of the Pearl River estuary. [113] Decisions made by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress override any territorial judicial process. [306][307], Comprehensive schools fall under three categories: public schools, which are government-run; subsidised schools, including government aid-and-grant schools; and private schools, often those run by religious organisations and that base admissions on academic merit. [264] Mobile-phone use is ubiquitous;[265] there are more than 18 million mobile-phone accounts,[266] more than double the territory's population. [156], Undeveloped terrain is hilly to mountainous, with very little flat land, and consists mostly of grassland, woodland, shrubland, or farmland. Unofficially 11th in the world according to the 2020 estimates by the. South Asians (people from Indian, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and, more variably, other surrounding countries) are understand by everybody involved except those constructing official US race categories, to be a different “race” than East Asians (people from China, Japan, Korea). Hong Kong's participation in China's 'two sessions' explained", "CY Leung insists housing policy won't cause property crash", "Hong Kong's TVB Targeting New Revenues With OTT Platform, Productions", "How many really marched in Hong Kong? [301][302] At the end of secondary schooling, all students take a public examination and awarded the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education on successful completion. [320] RTHK is the public broadcaster, providing seven radio channels and three television channels. [164] The highest and lowest recorded temperatures in all of Hong Kong are 39.0 °C (102 °F) at Wetland Park on 22 August 2017,[165] and −6.0 °C (21.2 °F) at Tai Mo Shan on 24 January 2016. [45] Bronze Age Hong Kong was featured with coarse pottery, hard pottery, quartz and stone jewelry, as well as small bronze implements. The city's martial arts film roots are evident in the roles of the most prolific Hong Kong actors. The MTR operates its Light Rail system, serving the northwestern New Territories. Learn how your comment data is processed. [12] The Hong Kong Stock Exchange is the seventh-largest in the world, with a market capitalisation of HK$30.4 trillion (US$3.87 trillion) as of December 2018[update]. [30] The dense space led to a developed transportation network with public transport rates exceeding 90 percent. Newstrom and Davis: Politics is the way that leaders gain and use power. [39] The name was also commonly written as the single word Hongkong until 1926, when the government officially adopted the two-word name. [320] Access to media and information over the Internet is not subject to mainland Chinese regulations, including the Great Firewall, yet local control applies. [323], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}22°18′N 114°12′E / 22.3°N 114.2°E / 22.3; 114.2, Metropolitan area and special administrative region of the People's Republic of China, Special administrative region in People's Republic of China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, Political reforms and sociopolitical issues, No specific variety of Chinese is official in the territory. The claim is based on an archaeological investigation in Wong Tei Tung, Sai Kung in 2003. The remainder of this paragraph and the next draws on research found in Joshua C. Hall and Peter T. Leeson, "Good for the Goose, Bad for the Gander: International Labor Standards and … The territory was the first market outside mainland China for renminbi-denominated bonds, and is one of the largest hubs for offshore renminbi trading. 3. Copyright © [2020] [Bank of Info] | Powered by [Regal Solution]. [317], Hong Kong's major English-language newspaper is the South China Morning Post, with The Standard serving as a business-oriented alternative. Hong Kong averages 1,709 hours of sunshine per year;[163] the highest and lowest recorded temperatures at the Hong Kong Observatory are 36.6 °C (97.9 °F) on 22 August 2017 and 0.0 °C (32.0 °F) on 18 January 1893. [193] The universal public healthcare system is funded by general-tax revenue, and treatment is highly subsidised; on average, 95 per cent of healthcare costs are covered by the government. [191], Life expectancy in Hong Kong was 82.2 years for males and 87.6 years for females in 2018, the sixth-highest in the world. [270][271] Residents' sense of local identity has markedly increased post-handover: 53 per cent of the population identify as "Hongkongers", while 11 per cent describe themselves as "Chinese". Mintzberg: Politics is a sub set of power, treating it as informal power, Illegitimate in nature.. Newstrom and Davis: Politics is the way that leaders gain and use power. [246] It is the eighth-busiest airport by passenger traffic,[247] and handles the most air-cargo traffic in the world. [321] Pay TV services operated by Cable TV Hong Kong and PCCW offer hundreds of additional channels and cater to a variety of audiences. [75] It does not specify how Hong Kong will be governed after 2047, and the central government's role in determining the territory's future system of government is the subject of political debate and speculation. [70] With a rapidly increasing population, the colonial government began reforms to improve infrastructure and public services. [83] The central government decision to implement nominee pre-screening before allowing Chief Executive elections triggered a series of protests in 2014 which became known as the Umbrella Revolution. [112] Interpretative and amending power over the Basic Law and jurisdiction over acts of state lie with the central authority, making regional courts ultimately subordinate to the mainland's socialist civil law system. Traditional Chinese values emphasising family and education blend with Western ideals, including economic liberty and the rule of law. No longer part of the Commonwealth of Nations, the city's last appearance in the latter was in 1994. The regional government is composed of three branches: The Chief Executive is the head of government and serves for a maximum of two five-year terms. Legislative Council members elected by functional constituencies composed of professional and special interest groups are accountable to those narrow corporate electorates and not the general public. These were especially prolific during the immediate post-war period, when many were rapidly built to house large numbers of Chinese migrants. At the height of the local movie industry in the early 1990s, over 400 films were produced each year; since then, industry momentum shifted to mainland China. [299] Three forms of gambling are legal in Hong Kong: lotteries and betting on horse racing and football. The Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra, composed of classical Chinese instruments, is the leading Chinese ensemble and plays a significant role in promoting traditional music in the community. [118] Public finances are handled separately from the national government; taxes levied in Hong Kong do not fund the central authority. [219][220] The Closer Partnership Economic Arrangement formalised a policy of free trade between the two areas, with each jurisdiction pledging to remove remaining obstacles to trade and cross-boundary investment. [201] It is the world's 35th-largest economy, with a nominal GDP of approximately US$373 billion. Roughly half of Eastern Orthodox Christians live in the territory of the former Soviet Union, most of those living in Russia. [19] As a special administrative region, Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under the principle of "one country, two systems". Any State Party having made a reservation in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article may at any time withdraw this reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Otherwise its usefulness may be limited. [304] Mandatory education has contributed to an adult literacy rate of 95.7 per cent. [188] Headline population density of about 6,800 people/km2 does not reflect true densities since only 6.9% of land is residential, the residential average population density calculates closer to a highly cramped 100,000/km2. [68], Its population rebounded quickly after the war, as skilled Chinese migrants fled from the Chinese Civil War, and more refugees crossed the border when the Chinese Communist Party took control of mainland China in 1949. Mass-produced public-housing estates, built since the 1960s, are mainly constructed in modernist style.[182]. A variety of Chinese-language newspapers are published daily; the most prominent are Ming Pao, Oriental Daily News, and Apple Daily. [319], Three free-to-air television broadcasters operate in the territory; TVB, HKTVE, and Hong Kong Open TV air eight digital channels. A Tea Stall Paragraph for HSC. [51][52] Portuguese merchants established a trading post called Tamão in Hong Kong waters and began regular trade with southern China. The commissioner destroyed opium stockpiles and halted all foreign trade,[58] triggering a British military response and the First Opium War. [197] Despite government efforts to reduce the growing disparity,[198] median income for the top 10 per cent of earners is 44 times that of the bottom 10 per cent. [298], Education in Hong Kong is largely modelled after that of the United Kingdom, particularly the English system. [172] Other distinctive buildings lining the Hong Kong Island skyline include the HSBC Main Building, the anemometer-topped triangular Central Plaza, the circular Hopewell Centre, and the sharp-edged Bank of China Tower. Portugal acquired a permanent lease for Macau in 1557. [77] The Legislative Council became a fully elected legislature for the first time in 1995 and extensively expanded its functions and organisations throughout the last years of the colonial rule. [24] Hong Kong is home to the second-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world,[25] the highest number of billionaires of any city in Asia, and the largest concentration of ultra high-net-worth individuals of any city in the world. [36] Although the source of the romanised name is unknown, it is generally believed to be an early phonetic rendering of the Cantonese pronunciation hēung góng. The degree of its adherence to feng shui is believed to determine the success of a business. Wolf D. Hartmann, Wolfgang Maennig, Run Wang: Chinas neue Seidenstraße. The predominant language is Cantonese, a variety of Chinese originating in Guangdong. [18] The University of Hong Kong was established in 1911 as the territory's first institution of higher education. Much of the elderly population were not formally educated due to war and poverty. [181] Examples include Lui Seng Chun, the Blue House in Wan Chai, and the Shanghai Street shophouses in Mong Kok. [295] Hong Kong athletes have won 126 medals at the Paralympic Games and 17 at the Commonwealth Games. [44] Neolithic to Bronze Age Hong Kong settlers were semi-coastal people. [130][131], The territory is divided into 18 districts, each represented by a district council. [302], The government maintains a policy of "mother tongue instruction"; most schools use Cantonese as the medium of instruction, with written education in both Chinese and English. [91] The Sino-British Joint Declaration provided for economic and administrative continuity through the transfer of sovereignty,[75] resulting in an executive-led governing system largely inherited from the territory's history as a British colony. [71][72] Although the territory's competitiveness in manufacturing gradually declined because of rising labour and property costs, it transitioned to a service-based economy. [126][127][128] The regional government maintains trade offices in Greater China and other nations. [208][209][210][211][212], It has little arable land and few natural resources, importing most of its food and raw materials. [121] Although the Chairman of the Central Military Commission is supreme commander of the armed forces,[122] the regional government may request assistance from the garrison. It is to be distinguished from musical form and musical style, although in practice these terms are sometimes used interchangeably.. Music can be divided into genres in varying ways, such as into popular music and art music, or religious music and secular music. In general word definition of organizational politics is a set of some activities of a few persons who are involved in influencing the performance of others. [140][141] Foreign domestic helpers, predominantly women from the Philippines and Indonesia, have little protection under regional law. Your email address will not be published. [173] Bagua mirrors are regularly used to deflect evil spirits,[275] and buildings often lack floor numbers with a 4;[276] the number has a similar sound to the word for "die" in Cantonese. [248] Most private recreational aviation traffic flies through Shek Kong Airfield, under the supervision of the Hong Kong Aviation Club. [170] Single-family detached homes are extremely rare and generally only found in outlying areas. [285] Local media featured songs by artists such as Sam Hui, Anita Mui, Leslie Cheung, and Alan Tam; during the 1980s, exported films and shows exposed Cantopop to a global audience. The Kangxi Emperor lifted the prohibition, allowing foreigners to enter Chinese ports in 1684. Required fields are marked *. The HKSAR legislature since 2012 has met in the Tamar Legislative Council Complex. It is a sub-set of power. [80] This was followed by the 2003 SARS epidemic, during which the territory experienced its most serious economic downturn. [30] Hong Kong is part of the Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast via the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean, there to the Upper Adriatic region of Trieste with its rail connections to Central and Eastern Europe. [282] When Bruce Lee's Way of the Dragon was released in 1972, local productions became popular outside Hong Kong. [55] Qing authorities established the Canton System in 1757 to regulate trade more strictly, restricting non-Russian ships to the port of Canton. [11] Although Hong Kong's economy has ranked at the top of the Heritage Foundation's economic freedom index since 1995,[202][203] the territory has a relatively high level of income disparity. [155] Much of this is built on reclaimed land; 70 km2 (27 sq mi) (six per cent of the total land or about 25 per cent of developed space in the territory) is reclaimed from the sea. Products from mainland China account for about 40 per cent of that traffic. Secondary schools emphasise "bi-literacy and tri-lingualism", which has encouraged the proliferation of spoken Mandarin language education. [235], Hong Kong generates most of its electricity locally. Fifty per cent of China's trade goods were routed through Hong Kong in 1997, dropping to about 13 per cent by 2015. [60], Administrative infrastructure was quickly built by early 1842, but piracy, disease, and hostile Qing policies initially prevented the government from attracting commerce. [57], In 1839, the Daoguang Emperor rejected proposals to legalise and tax opium and ordered imperial commissioner Lin Zexu to eradicate the opium trade. Jackie Chan, Donnie Yen, Jet Li, Chow Yun-fat, and Michelle Yeoh frequently play action-oriented roles in foreign films. B.T. [225] The territory's minimal taxation, common law system, and civil service attract overseas corporations wishing to establish a presence in Asia. [160][161], Hong Kong has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), characteristic of southern China, despite being located south of the Tropic of Cancer. The Qing surrendered early in the war and ceded Hong Kong Island in the Convention of Chuenpi. ", "All aboard: Hong Kong bullet train signals high-speed integration with China", "Ingenious Flipper Bridge Melds Left-Side Drivers With Right-Side Drivers", "China makes its military more visible in Hong Kong", "Racism is rife in Hong Kong and the Equal Opportunities Commission is a toothless hamster to tackle it", "These Are the Cities With the Most Ultra-Rich People", "Going up! Winters are mild and usually sunny at the beginning, becoming cloudy towards February; an occasional cold front brings strong, cooling winds from the north. [190], Among the religious population, the traditional "three teachings" of China, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, have the most adherents (20 per cent), and are followed by Christianity (12 per cent) and Islam (4 per cent). [136][137], Ethnic minorities have marginal representation in government and often experience discrimination in housing, education, and employment. Autumn is the sunniest season, whilst spring is generally cloudy. Rice is the staple food, and is usually served plain with other dishes. [178] The Tin Hau Temple, dedicated to the sea goddess Mazu (originally built in 1012 and rebuilt in 1266), is the territory's oldest existing structure. Over 90 per cent of daily trips are made on public transport, the highest percentage in the world. [107] These parties have aligned themselves into three ideological groups: the pro-Beijing camp (the current government), the pro-democracy camp, and localist groups. Prices for Hong Kong's famous Peak Tram to increase for second time in less than two years", "Let Hongkongers serve in China's People's Liberation Army, says top military official", "A case for inclusion: Carrie Lam pledges to tout list of 16 ethnic minority Hongkongers for government advisory positions", "Once the World's Greatest Port, Hong Kong Sinks in Global Ranking", "As Hong Kong goes to the polls, why isn't the Communist Party on the ballot? [143][144][145][146], The Joint Declaration guarantees the Basic Law for 50 years after the transfer of sovereignty. Lee Lai-shan won the territory's first and only Olympic gold medal at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. [6][186] About half the population have some form of British nationality, a legacy of colonial rule; 3.4 million residents have British National (Overseas) status, and 260,000 British citizens live in the territory. Hong Kong is characterised as a hybrid of East and West. [244] Highways, organised with the Hong Kong Strategic Route and Exit Number System, connect all major areas of the territory. [234], The Mass Transit Railway (MTR) is an extensive passenger rail network, connecting 93 metro stations throughout the territory. [3] Code-switching, mixing English and Cantonese in informal conversation, is common among the bilingual population. [227] In November 2020, Hong Kong’s Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau proposed a new law that will restrict cryptocurrency trading to professional investors only, leaving amateur traders (93% of Hong Kong's trading population) out of the market. [101][102][103], The Legislative Council has 70 members, each serving a four-year term. If these activities are used positively it can gain more broth for the employees and organization. [195] Although median household income steadily increased during the decade to 2016, the wage gap remained high;[196] the 90th percentile of earners receive 41 per cent of all income. [130] The United States ended its preferential economic and trade treatment of Hong Kong in July, because it was no longer able to distinguish Hong Kong as a separate entity from mainland China. [292] The territory regularly hosts the Hong Kong Sevens, Hong Kong Marathon, Hong Kong Tennis Classic and Lunar New Year Cup, and hosted the inaugural AFC Asian Cup and the 1995 Dynasty Cup. [169] The lack of available space restricted development to high-density residential tenements and commercial complexes packed closely together on buildable land. [157][158] About 40 per cent of the remaining land area are country parks and nature reserves. [287] Despite a general decline since late in the decade,[288] Cantopop remains dominant in Hong Kong; contemporary artists such as Eason Chan, Joey Yung, and Twins are popular in and beyond the territory. [119][120], The Hong Kong Garrison of the People's Liberation Army is responsible for the region's defence. [17][18] The whole territory was transferred to China in 1997. [274] Spiritual concepts such as feng shui are observed; large-scale construction projects often hire consultants to ensure proper building positioning and layout. The Maritime Silk Road in South-East Asia. [284], Cantopop is a genre of Cantonese popular music which emerged in Hong Kong during the 1970s. [147][148], In 2020, in a period of large-scale protests, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed the controversial Hong Kong national security law. ", "A Site Catchment Analysis of Hong Kong's Neolithic Subsistence", "Basic Law – the Source of Hong Kong's Progress and Development", "Relations with Maritime Europe, 1514–1662", "China's Overseas Trade Policy and Its Historical Results: 1522–1840", "Street Politics in a Hybrid Regime: The Diffusion of Political Activism in Post-colonial Hong Kong", "Hong Kong: Embracing a Fast Aging Society With Limited Welfare", "Lost in the Translation: Two Legal Cultures, the Common Law Judiciary and the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region", "The status of Cantonese in the education policy of Hong Kong", "Neolithic to Historic in the Hong Kong Region", "Octopus: The Growing E-payment System in Hong Kong", "How shall we examine and learn about public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the health sector? [223][224], As the mainland liberalised its economy, Hong Kong's shipping industry faced intense competition from other Chinese ports. [272], Traditional Chinese family values, including family honour, filial piety, and a preference for sons, are prevalent. [218] More than 90 per cent of Hong Kong's food is imported, including nearly all its meat and rice. [149] The law criminalises acts that were previously considered protected speech under Hong Kong law and establishes the Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR, an investigative office under Central People's Government authority immune from HKSAR jurisdiction. [3] Slightly over half the population (53.2 per cent) speaks English, the other official language;[2] 4.3 per cent are native speakers, and 48.9 per cent speak English as a second language. [257] The rest is from other imports, including nuclear energy generated in mainland China. [44] As hinted by the archaeological works in Sha Ha, Sai Kung, rice cultivation had been introduced since Late Neolithic period. It is spoken by 94.6 per cent of the population, 88.9 per cent as a first language and 5.7 per cent as a second language. Pfeffer’s Model and Game Theories of Organizational Politics, 8 Advantages or Importance of Organizational Politics, 10 prime objectives of organizational politics, 12 Characteristics of Organizational Politics, Proposed Model of Organizational Politics to handle politics in an organization, 10 Conditions of Successful Organizational Politics, 5 observations on operating in a political environment by French and Bell, 7 Rules for political environment discussed by French and Bell, Influence or relationship between Organizational Behavior and Politics, Some prescriptions of Islam regarding organizational politics. Largest cities or municipalities in the People's Republic of China, [hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ tɐ̀k̚.pìːt̚ hɐ̏ŋ.tsēŋ.kʰɵ́y], [hœ̂ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ tɐ̀k̚.pìːt̚ hɐ̏ŋ.tsēŋ.kʰɵ́y], the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Independent Commission Against Corruption, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR, Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, 14th most popular destination for international tourists, Hong Kong Strategic Route and Exit Number System, eighth-busiest airport by passenger traffic, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong Link Road, Legislative Council Disclaimer and Copyright Notice, "Survey and Mapping Office – Circulars and Publications", "Population - Overview | Census and Statistics Department", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020", Technical Legislative Amendments on Traffic Arrangements for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge 2017, "World's Richest Cities: The Top 10 Cities Billionaires Call Home", "Country Comparison: GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)", "Hong Kong's worsening housing shortage forces thousands into 'coffin homes, Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, "Aquilaria sinensis and origin of the name of Hong Kong", "The Petrology of the Wong Tei Tung Stone Tool Manufacturing Site, Sham Chung, Hong Kong Sar, China", "Pro-China Party Appears Big Loser in Hong Kong Election".

Zulu Nutritional Value, What Episode Does Battle City Start, Dr Facilier Death Explained, Nova Wound Care, Pc, Vincenzo Quotes Kdrama, Dauphiné France Map, Marchantia Polymorpha Classification, How To Play Psych Virtually, Kimberly Bay Victoria Vinyl Exterior Door, Emser Tile Hours, Kenan Episode 2,