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Knowing that Mason was in need of money, Hatch suggested that he could guarantee Mason a full load of about 1,400 prisoners if Mason would agree to give him a kickback. Even the slightest dip in water level could cause hot spots leading to metal fatigue, greatly increasing the risk of an explosion. [6]:12 On the morning of April 15, she was tied up at Cairo, Illinois, when word reached the city that President Abraham Lincoln had been shot at Ford's Theater. Website +1 870-739-6041. Become a full member of the Sultana Disaster Museum. The place where the Sultana exploded and sank is now in Arkansas. [6]:40, Although Hatch had suggested that Mason might get as many as 1,400 released Union prisoners, a mix-up with the parole camp books and suspicion of bribery from other steamboat captains caused the Union officer in charge of the loading, Capt. The water levels in a tubular system had to be carefully maintained at all times. Frederic Speed, the only man ever held accountable for the greatest maritime disaster in American history. James Cass Mason. Most of Sultana's officers, including Captain Mason, were among those who perished.[11]. [6]:29–31, Leaving Vicksburg, Sultana traveled down river to New Orleans, continuing to spread the news of Lincoln's assassination. The official inquiry found that the boat's boilers exploded due to the combined effects of careening, low water level, and a faulty repair to a leaky boiler made a few days earlier.[19]. The Sultana Disaster Museum tells the story of the explosion and sinking of the steamboat Sultana 10 miles north of Memphis on April 27, 1865, where over 1,800 of the Sultana's 2,300 passengers were killed. Hatch had a deal for Mason. About 760 survivors were transported to hospitals in Memphis. Cahaba Prison, also known as Castle Morgan, was a prisoner of war camp in Dallas County, Alabama where the Confederacy held captive Union soldiers during the American Civil War.The prison was located in the small Alabama town of Cahaba, at the confluence of the Alabama and Cahaba rivers, not far from Selma. However, the guilty verdict was overturned by the judge advocate general of the army on grounds that Speed had been at the parole camp all day and had never placed one single soldier on board the Sultana. The Sultana traveled up river for two days, fighting one of the worst spring floods in the Mississippi’s history. An estimated 1,800 of the 2,400 passengers were killed when three of the boat’s four boilers exploded and the Sultana sank near Memphis. The report blamed quartermaster Hatch, an individual with a long history of corruption and incompetence, who was able to keep his job due to political connections: he was the younger brother of Illinois politician Ozias M. Hatch, an advisor and close friend of President Lincoln. During her time in port, and while the repairs were being made, Sultana took on the paroled prisoners. Although designed with a capacity of only 376 passengers, she was carrying 2,137 when three of the boat's four boilers exploded and she burned to the waterline and sank near Memphis, Tennessee. A few of these are third-person accounts garnered from obituaries, local newspapers, and family histories. The twin smokestacks toppled over; the starboard one backwards into the blasted hole, and the port one forward onto the crowded forward section of the upper deck. The historic Marion gymnasium, shown above, has been identified as the possible site of the new Sultana Disaster Museum. The accounts are mostly first-person accounts presented in their own words, taken from government investigations, newspapers, personal narratives, and the trial of Capt. Thousands of men died in the prison camps of starvation and disease. Fundraising for such a vastly expanded facility is being planned in Marion, near the Crittenden County location where the Sultana burned and sank on … Sultana was a Mississippi River side-wheel steamboat, which exploded on 27 April 1865, killing 1,168 people in the worst maritime disaster in United States history. The last Northern survivor, Private Jordan Barr of the 15th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment, died on May 16, 1938, at age 93. This meeting will be held in Springfield, Illinois, the birthplace and home of President Abraham Lincoln, who is connected to the Sultana in a number of ways. Unfortunately for the story, the Sultana was a coal-burning boat, not a wood burner. The dirt tended to settle on the bottom of the boilers or clog between the flues and leave hotspots. Being so closely packed within the 48-inch diameter boilers tended to cause the muddy sediment to form hot pockets. We present not only the stories of the victims who were on board the Sultana but also the stories of the rescuers and eye-witnesses, and even the stories of the many Union officers involved in the selection and overcrowding of the boat. [14] The official count by the United States Customs Service was 1,547. Learn how to connect with the Sultana Disaster Museum; physical location, phone and email address. Near 2:00 a.m. on April 27, 1865, when Sultana was just seven miles north of Memphis, its boilers suddenly exploded. *Thomas Evans. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}35°11′26″N 90°6′52″W / 35.19056°N 90.11444°W / 35.19056; -90.11444, 19th-century American steamboat that exploded. This resulted in the greatest maritime disaster in United States history. Admission is free for April. When the boat tipped the other way, water rushing back into the empty boiler would hit the hot spots and flash instantly to steam, creating a sudden surge in pressure. Under reduced pressure, the steamboat limped into Vicksburg to get the boiler repaired and to pick up her promised load of prisoners. (Thomas Edgeworth Courtenay, the inventor of the coal torpedo, was a former resident of St. Louis and was involved in similar acts of sabotage against Union shipping interests. Events at the end of the Civil War conspired to wipe the memory of this tragic event from our national history for over 130 years. What hotels are near Sultana Disaster Museum? In its magnitude, the story of the Sultana is as great as that of the more famous Titanic, and yet much more intriguing. Legally allowed to carry 376 people, the Sultana was carrying over 2,300 passengers, most of whom were Union soldiers recently released from Confederate prisons. After extensive historical research, he teamed with author Clive Cussler to use a water probe that came up with samples of glass and charred wood, which they took as location verification. Whole groups went down together. Designed to carry only 376 passengers plus crew, investigations revealed a litany of corrupt practices, including kickbacks, and bribes paid to high-ranking Union officers caused the overcrowding of the boat. The steamer registered 1,719 tons[2] and normally carried a crew of 85. 2) The use of the dirty Mississippi River water to feed the boilers. Frequently Asked Questions about Sultana Disaster Museum. The Sultana disaster happened on the Mississippi River on the boarder between Helena, Arkansas and Memphis, Tennessee. Sultana had tubular boilers filled with 24 horizontal 5-inch flues. The exact death toll is unknown, although the most recent evidence indicates 1,168. Location. June 2016 to July 2018 research by Gene Eric Salecker, Ancestry.com, Texas Death Certificates, 1903–1980, Jennings, Pat "What Happened to the Sultana? The Mississippi River was experiencing high water levels as melting snow from up north flooded its banks. [6]:79–85, While this fight for survival was taking place, the southbound steamer Bostona (No. For two years, she ran a regular route between St. Louis and New Orleans, and was frequently commissioned to carry troops. This outstanding group of volunteers has been hard at work laying plans for a new Sultana Disaster Museum that will soon occupy an historic building in Marion, offering a space almost fifteen times the size of the present museum. Of the roughly 760 people taken to Memphis hospitals, there were only 31 deaths between April 28 and June 28. [6]:146–147,168–176, Passengers who survived the initial explosion had to risk their lives in the icy spring runoff of the Mississippi or burn with the boat. As stated in the 1903 newspaper article, the log was mistakenly taken by the Sultana. Learn more about the Marion, Arkansas community, and the sights, food and entertainment opportunities of this Memphis area community. The Mississippi River has changed course several times since the disaster, leaving the wreck under dry land and far from today's river. In December 1885, the survivors living in the northern states of Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio began attending annual reunions, forming the National Sultana Survivors' Association. The ex-soldier died in the disaster, but his best friend survived to tell about that twist of fate. The Sultana was a Mississippi River steamboat paddle wheeler destroyed in an explosion on April 27, 1865. The Sultana was a 260-foot-long wooden steamboat, built in Cincinnati in 1863, which regularly transported passengers and freight between St. Louis and New Orleans on the Mississippi River. On Fold3 look for the major topic "Sultana Disaster, April, 1865". However, Courtenay's great-great-grandson, Joseph Thatcher, who wrote a book on Thomas Courtenay and the Coal Torpedo, denies that a coal torpedo was used. As the steamboat made her way north following the twists and turns of the river, she listed severely to one side then to the other. Constructed of wood in 1863 by the John Litherbury Boatyard [1] in Cincinnati, she was intended for the lower Mississippi cotton trade. John Fogleman is President of the Board of Directors at the Sultana Historical Preservation Society in Marion, AR. [15] In 1880, the War Department, Pensions and Records Department, placed the number of survivors at 931 but the most recent research places the number at 969. Museum fundraising announcement set for anniversary of disaster [email protected] On April 27, 1865, the steamboat Sultana exploded in the Mississippi River near Marion. The main channel now flows about 2 miles (3 km) east of its 1865 position.[11]. Director Mark Marshall and Starring Ray Appleton, Mackenzie Astin, Sean Astin, This page was last edited on 22 March 2021, at 15:52. Frederick Speed, a Union officer who sent the 1,960 paroled prisoners into Vicksburg from the parole camp, was charged with grossly overcrowding Sultana and found guilty. Join us in the effort to preserve this historic building and the story of the Steamboat Sultana, the "greatest maritime disaster in United States' history.". *Indicates those whose lives were lost on the Mississippi Steamer, Sultana when it blew up at Memphis, Tenn., April 27, 1865. 69 Restaurants within 5 miles. Eventually, the group settled on meeting in the Toledo, Ohio, area. A boiler explodes, shattering the silence of the night and throwing the hopeless passengers of the SS Sultana into the Mississippi River. [6]:50,55–56 Although Sultana had a legal capacity of only 376, by the time she backed away from Vicksburg on the night of April 24, 1865, she was severely overcrowded with 1,960 paroled prisoners, 22 guards from the 58th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 70 paying cabin passengers, and 85 crew members, a total of 2,137 people. [7] About ten hours south of Vicksburg, one of Sultana's four boilers sprang a leak. By the time the repairs would be completed, the prisoners would have been sent home on other boats. Many of the paroled soldiers were in poor condition having just left Confederate hospitals or prisons. By the mid-1920s, only a handful of survivors were able to attend the reunions. The Sultana, a Civil War era sidewheel steamboat, exploded and burned on the Mississippi River on April 27, 1865. Monument Reads: In Rememberance Of the Delaware County Civil War Veterans / POW's of the 9th Cavalry, 121st Regiment -Especially to those who lost their lives when the Steamboat Sultana Exploded, April 27, 1865, on the Mississippi River, 7 miles North of Memphis. [6]:24 On April 26, Sultana stopped at Helena, Arkansas, where photographer Thomas W. Bankes took a picture of the grossly overcrowded vessel. Without a pilot to steer the boat, Sultana became a drifting, burning hulk. Exploded and sank, April 27, 1865, on Mississippi River seven miles north of Memphis, Tennessee. Using modern technology, he determined that there was a very large object buried about 30 feet below the surface of the earth. At some places, the river overflowed the banks and spread out three miles wide. Tubular boilers were pulled from use on steamboats plying the Lower Mississippi after two more steamboats with tubular boilers exploded shortly after the Sultana. In the early hours of April 27th, 1865, mere days after the end of the Civil War, the Sultana burst into flames along the Mississippi River. 1" (1999) performed with the folk group "Harmony" wrote a song about the Sultana disaster "Sultana", A boat with the same name appears at the end of the 1953 movie, A boat with the same name appears in the 1963, In 2017 a movie called "Remember The Sultana" was released detailing the maritime disaster. The Greatest Maritime Disaster in United States' History Located in Marion, Arkansas. People have devoted their lives to the ship’s research and preservation. Preston Lodwick, then a consortium including Capt. [3] The disaster was overshadowed in the press by events surrounding the end of the American Civil War, including the killing of President Lincoln's assassin John Wilkes Booth just the day before, and no one was ever held accountable for the tragedy. Contact the Chamber of Commerce at 870-739-6041 to arrange a group tour. Beginning May 1, the cost is $8 for adults, $5 for children under 12. The next year, only one man showed up. Featured in the museum are a few relics from the Sultana such as shaker plates from the boat's furnace, furnace bricks, a few pieces of wood, and some small metal pieces. Fast forward to 2015, after several more temporary exhibits, and Marion became home to the Sultana Disaster Museum – a permanent museum in a temporary location. Trees along the river bank were almost completely covered, until only the very tops of the trees were visible above the swirling, powerful water. The forward part of the upper deck was crushed down onto the middle deck, killing and trapping many in the wreckage. Throughout the war, Reuben Hatch had shown incompetence as a quartermaster and competence as a thief, bilking the government out of thousands of dollars. Capt. [6]:164 Other vessels joined the rescue, including the steamers Silver Spray, Jenny Lind, and Pocohontas, the navy ironclad Essex and the sidewheel gunboat USS Tyler. For a classic "wedding cake" design steamboat, constructed of layers of highly flammable lightweight wood covered with paint and varnish, the likelihood was that any such incident would be catastrophic. Contact. The Chicago Opera Troupe, a minstrel group that had traveled upriver on Sultana before getting off at Memphis, staged a benefit, while the crew of the gunboat Essex raised $1,000.[17]. It showed the ill-fated Sultana lodged near the head of Hen Island, above Mound City, Arkansas. After the disaster, Hatch refused three separate subpoenas to appear before Captain Speed's trial and give testimony (see below). As a dues paying member, your contribution will play a key role in preserving and telling the story of one of the greatest forgotten events in United States history. Perhaps inspired by their Northern comrades, a Southern group of survivors, men from Kentucky and Tennessee began meeting in 1889 around Knoxville, Tennessee. The areas between the many flues clogged easily, and the sediment and mineral buildup around the tubes and boiler sides, especially heavy when the river water used in the system carried much sediment, was difficult to scrape off. It was Jerry Potter, (attorney, association member, and author of The Sultana Tragedy), who proposed the first modern location of the wreckage in May 1982. Instead, Mason and his chief engineer, Nathan Wintringer, convinced the mechanic to make temporary repairs, hammering back the bulged boiler plate and riveting a patch of lesser thickness over the seam. O.V. [6]:193–197, In 1888, a St. Louis resident named William Streetor claimed that his former business partner, Robert Louden, made a confession of having sabotaged the Sultana by the use of a coal torpedo while they were drinking in a saloon. [6]:206 on the northeast side of the city, the bodies were moved there. The Case: When the SS Sultana exploded on April 27, 1865, more than 1,800 died —outnumbering the death toll from the Titanic disaster. Over 1,500 soldiers and civilians lost their lives. Three civilian victims of the wreck of Sultana are interred at Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. In 1982, a local archaeological expedition, led by Memphis attorney Jerry O. Potter, uncovered what was believed to be the wreckage of Sultana. In the end, no one was ever held accountable for the greatest maritime disaster in United States history. On April 27, 2021, the Sultana Historical Preservation Society, Inc. will officially kick-off its capital campaign to raise $7.5 million dollars to establish a permanent museum to remember and honor those who were on the Sultana. Fortunately, since Memphis had been captured by Federal forces in 1862 and turned into a supply and recuperation city, there were numerous hospitals in the city with the latest medical equipment and trained personnel. June 2016 to July 2017 research by Gene Eric Salecker, Photograph identifications from Sultana Disaster Museum historian Gene Eric Salecker, The St. Louis Daily Missouri Democrat, April 29, 1865 states that the "steamer Sultana left New Orleans on Friday evening the 21st, with about seventy cabin passengers, and about eighty five employees on the boat.". The master of the Sultana, Captain Mason, who was ultimately responsible for dangerously overloading his vessel and ordering the faulty repairs to her leaky boiler, had died in the explosion. [13] In 1880, the 51st Congress of the United States, in conjunction with the War Department, Pensions and Records Department, reported the loss of life aboard the Sultana as 1,259. Both groups met as close to the April 27 anniversary date as possible, corresponded with each other, and shared the title National Sultana Survivors' Association. Immediately, Captain Mason grabbed an armload of Cairo newspapers and headed south to spread the news, knowing that telegraphic communication with the South had been almost totally cut off because of the war. This section chronicles the stories of the Union prisoners, passengers, crew, and rescuers connected with the Sultana disaster. [6]:72 Near 7:00 p.m., Sultana reached Memphis, Tennessee and the crew began unloading 120 tons of sugar from the hold. A 14-foot replica of the steamboat as it appeared before the explosion assists in understanding the magnitude of the event. [6]:33,34–35,38,40–41, While the paroled prisoners, primarily from the states of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee and West Virginia,[6]:226–290 were brought from the parole camp to Sultana, a mechanic was brought down to work on the leaky boiler. Many bodies were never recovered. Blackened wooden deck planks and timbers were found about 32 feet (10 m) under a soybean field on the Arkansas side, about 4 miles (6 km) from Memphis. Those men sleeping around the twin openings quickly crawled under the wreckage and down the main stairs. Under the command of Captain James Cass Mason of St. Louis, Sultana left St. Louis on April 13, 1865 bound for New Orleans, Louisiana. [8] Newspaper accounts indicate that the people of Memphis had sympathy for the victims although they were in an occupied city. The Sultana Disaster Museum announces it will reopen, effective Thursday June 4th. George Augustus Williams, to place every man at the parole camp on board Sultana, believing the number to be less than 1,500. She also carried a crew of 85. Acknowledged by Congressional Resolution as the greatest maritime disaster in United States history, nearly 1,200 of the more than 2,200 passengers and crew were killed in the explosion and fire which sank the Sultana near Marion, Arkansas, across the river from Memphis, Tennessee. 1 was no longer used for the manufacture of boilers after 1879. The Sultana Disaster Museum will be open Thursdays-Saturdays from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., and Sundays from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. On April 21, 1865 Sultana left New Orleans with about 70 cabin and deck passengers, and a small amount of livestock. [6]:129 Eventually, the hulk of Sultana drifted about six miles to the west bank of the river, and sank at around 9:00 a.m. near Mound City and present-day Marion, Arkansas, about seven hours after the explosion. ", 15th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment, http://charleysandage.com/?post_type=album&p=469, "Sultana: A Tragic Postscript to the Civil War", https://www.nationalboard.org/SiteDocuments/General%20Meeting/Jennings.pdf, "The Sultana Disaster (Coal Torpedo theory)", http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/investigation/civil-war-sabotage/, Sultana museum in Arkansas memorializes 1,800 who died in river, "Surviving the Worst: The Wreck of the Sultana at the End of the American Civil War", "Blues in the Water, by King's German Legion", "Ardent Presents: Cory Branan – "The Wreck of the Sultana, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1865, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultana_(steamboat)&oldid=1013615673, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Initially Capt. [6]:197–202 Capt. Marion’s first Sultana Disaster Exhibit was held for three weeks during March, 2012. *James C. Cook. Your support allows the museum to acquire artifacts, maintain an archive of historical documents, support research, and sustain American history. This was the greatest maritime disaster in United States history. The men were packed into every available space, and the overflow was so severe that in some places, the decks began to creak and sag and had to be supported with heavy wooden beams. Frames 5, 6 and 7 have an approx 65 men of the 115th. George Williams, who had placed the men on board, was a regular army officer, and the military refused to go after one of their own. The Mississippi River steamboat/paddlewheeler, SS Sultana, was destroyed in an explosion on April 27, 1865. "If you read my book... you will note that we do not claim the Sultana, nor did Courtenay. Hours: Thu-Sat 10am-4pm & Sun 2pm-4pm In 2021, the Sultana Disaster Museum will expand its outreach as a means to educate the public to the story or the Sultana and its rightful place in United States history. The U.S. government would pay $2.75 per enlisted man and $8 per officer to any steamboat captain who would take a group north. Masks and social distancing will be required in accordance with AR Health Department safety standards, We are building a new museum, contribute to the Capital Campaign. Designed to carry only 376 passengers plus crew, investigations revealed a litany of corrupt practices, including kickbacks, … In some places the river was three miles wide. Sultana museum in Arkansas memorializes 1,800 who died in river by Jack Schnedler | July 3, 2018 at 2:04 a.m. Sultana Disaster Museum in Marion tells … Fortunately the sturdy railings around the twin openings of the main stairway prevented the upper deck from crushing down completely onto the middle deck. Barrett was a veteran of the War with Mexico and had fought bravely with his regiment until captured at Franklin, TN. [6]:27–28, Upon reaching Vicksburg, Mississippi, Mason was approached by Captain Reuben Hatch, the chief quartermaster at Vicksburg. The present Sultana Disaster Museum, created in 2015, and providing less than 1000 square feet, will soon be replaced by a permanent modern museum of nearly 17,000 square feet. On the morning of April 15, she was tied up at Cairo, Illinois, when word reached the city that President Abraham Lincoln had been shot at Ford's Theater. Come by and find out how! An estimated 1,800 of the 2,400 passengers were killed when three of the ship’s four boilers exploded almost at once and the Sultana sank into the Mississippi near Memphis. Instead of taking two or three days, the temporary repair took only one. This was true of prison camps on both sides, but life in the southern camps got considerably worse toward the end of the war when the Confederacy was having trouble feeding and caring for its own soldiers and citizens. Charcoal Hammered No. [6]:62, Sultana spent two days traveling upriver, fighting against one of the worst spring floods in the river's history. He was injured on the Sultana and was honorably discharged in May 1865. [8] Many of the paroled prisoners had been weakened by their incarceration in the Confederate prison camps and associated illnesses but had managed to gain some strength while waiting at the parole camp to be officially released.

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